Aqua extreme bonaire ga5/7/2023 Moreover, contemporary corals form complex three-dimensional structural habitats that support high biodiversity and productivity of reef-associated organisms ( Stella et al., 2010 Graham and Nash, 2013). Scleractinian corals are one of the foremost contributors to carbonate accretion ( Vecsei, 2004), which is fundamental for the formation and maintenance of coral reef frameworks ( Perry et al., 2012). These data reveal striking taxonomic differences in the specific environmental constraints on coral calcification, which will further reinforce changes in the structure of coral assemblages with ongoing global climate change. microphthalma in the southern Persian Gulf was lowest at Ras Ghanada, where there was lowest light and highest maximum temperatures. Conversely, linear extension and calcification of C. daedalea are most constrained by minimum temperatures, which is consistent with the strong relationship between annual calcification rates and minimum local temperatures recorded across the Indo-Pacific. These data suggest that calcification rates of P. daedalea, calcification rates were lowest at Delma, where the minimum temperatures were lowest and salinity was highest, and increased across the southern Persian Gulf with increases in minimum temperatures and decreases in salinity. microphthalma exhibited contrasting trends in mean annual calcification rates across locations. There was also considerable variation in calcification rates among individual colonies from the same locations that was unrelated to depth or photosymbiont type. microphthalma ( x = 0.835 g cm −2 y −1, n = 37), probably reflecting inter-specific differences in energy allocation and skeletal density. daedalea colonies ( x = 1.103 g cm −2 y −1, n = 46) than in C. Overall calcification rates were 32% higher in P. We compared annual rates of calcification for two of the most common coral species in the region ( Platygyra daedalea and Cyphastrea microphthalma) along marked gradients in environmental conditions in the southern Persian Gulf and into the Oman Sea. Corals in the southern Persian Gulf already experience extreme temperature ranges (34☌), chronic hypersalinity (>43 psu) and frequent light limitation (<100 μmol photons m −2 s −1). Sustained accretion of calcium carbonate (mostly by scleractinian corals) is fundamental for maintaining the structure and function of coral reef ecosystems, but may be greatly constrained by extreme and rapidly changing environmental conditions. 7Experimental Marine Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.6ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.5Marine Geophysical Laboratory, Physics Department, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.4NOAA/NESDIS/STAR Coral Reef Watch, College Park, MD, United States.3Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.2Ecological Marine Services, Millbank, QLD, Australia. 1Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Howells 1 *, Glenn Dunshea 2,3, Dain McParland 1, Grace O.
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